Method for handling material



R. T. ROMINE METHOD FOR HANDLING IMPERIAL Aug. 12, 1930.

12 Sheets-Sheet 1 rind uy 5, 1927 nv... tu ai DU .ob .mb .NNW

Kw N wwwn f uw hm,

nvm, Kmm .a NIW. f

R. T. ROMINE METHOD FOR HANDLING IAITERIAL Aug. 12, 1930.

Filed lay 5, 1927 12 Sheets-Sheet 2 [fave/Zion' RM TRM NNN MN UNM.

Aug. 12, 1930.v

R. T; ROMINE METHOD Fon HANDLING MATERIAL Find my 5. 1927 12 sheets-sheet 5 A 'Jay www, QbWCwJMLv--SJQ lorne.

Aug. 12, 1930. R. T. ROMINE 1,772,735

METHOD FOR HANDLING IATERIKAL Filed lay 5. 1927 12 Sheets-Sheet 5 3 In ven for:

By www] QL, CWM Mq $1 .jlorrzey Aug. 12, 1930. R. TfRoMlNE I METHOD FOR HANDLING IATERIAL Filed lay 5. 1927 12 Sheets-Sheet 5 RNW NWT o o umm. www u Inl/612501 by Wmwwwdq ,gi lorneys.

12 Sheets-Sheet 7 R. T. ROMINE METHOD ron Hmmm@ umn/L 'Filed nay 5, 1927 Aug. 12, 1930.

. s. W mw N m; n www w .f .w QN DHD NWN .c @wm QN NN m R T on Q ,u b MNQE O ed D o R l u m uw %W.\ DMJ m\1 -dumm 1-5m NUM 1 I F w w Aug. 12, 1930. R. T. RoMlNE 1,772,735

METHOD FOR HANDLING ITERIAL A:filed may 5, 192'?` 12 sheets-sheet 8 AUZ- 12, 1930- l A R. T. RoMlNx-z 1,772,735

METHOD FOR HANDLING MATERIAL Filed )lay 5, 1927 l2 Sheets-Sheet 9 Zh verz 01's 3y um, MMML Aug. 12, 1930. R. T. lROMINE METHOD FOR HANDLING IATERIAL Filed Hay 5, 1927 12 Sheets-Sheet l0 IIZUe/zlof.'

By W QLxMCQpAQMLYJQ Aug. 12, 193i). R. T.-RoM|NE METHOD FOR HANDLING MATERIAL Filed May 5, 1927 12 Sheets-Sheet 11 Aug. l2, 1930. R. T, RoMlNE METHOD FOR HANDLING IATERIAL Filed lay 5, 1927 12 Sheets-Sheet 12 Patented Aug. 12, 1930 PATENT OFFICE ROBERT T. BOMINE, F MOUNT CLEMENS, MICHIGAN METHOD FOR HANDLING MATERIAL I Application led Hay 5, 1927. ASerial N0..189,136.

This invention relates to a method particularly, although not exclusively, adapted for use in the assembling of machines or assembled units such, for example, as automobiles cars, machinery, etc., one vof the objects of the invention being to provide a method whereby the assembling of cars or machines or the like may be greatly facilitated, labor costs in both material handling and assembly operations reduced, plant and plant equipment costs materially reduced, and production increased without correspondingly increasing the overhead and operating costs as is the case in present day methods.

One of the important features of the invention resides in the fact that it enables an assembly plant, such for exam le as an automobile assembly plant, toy e built and equipped at at least one-fifth the cost heretofore necessary for a given production per day. The invention eliminates the necessity of an expensive plant structure, reduces to a minimum the floor space necessary for a given output, requires merely a single story structure with a ground floor for all operations, eliminates the necessity of costly power driven conveyors, overhead cranes, and other fixed installations heretofore necessary in plants for assembling cars or automobiles. It eliminates a large proportion of the laborcosts heretofore required in handling, loading and unloading material. Another important feature of the invention is that the method may be carried out advantageously by means of a few relatively simple mechanical units which provide an apparatus capable of maximum iiexibility and adaptability in readily meeting varying manufacturing requirements,

changes in production schedules, and changes in the location, position or length of assembly lines or sub-assemblies.A

Other objects and advantages of this invention will appear in the following description and appended claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts in the several views.

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatical plan view illustrating an assembly plant constructed and laid out inaccordance with my invention.

Fig. 2 is a. view similar to Fig. 1 illustrating certain modifications of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing the 55 way in which material or parts may be assembled and crated for shipment to the assembly plant.

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic side elevation, partly broken away, illustrating the method of assembling material or parts in boxes for shipment.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view illustrating one step in the method of assembling parts or material for shipment.

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary side elevation illustrating a part of the ap aratus and one of the steps in assembling, or example, an automobile.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary diagrammatic `side 70 elevation showing the final step in the assembly of an automobile.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary side elevation showing a part of the assembly line at an intermediate stage in the assembly of the car.

Fig. 9 is an end elevation illustrating the stage in the assembly shown in Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a fragmentaryside elevation of the assembly line illustrating diagrammatically certain steps in the sequence of operations.

Fig. 11 is an end elevation. showing the point on the assembly line where the assembly operation is completed and the chassis' platform or buck is ready to be discharged 8 from beneath the completed car.

Figs. 12 and 13 are transverse sectional elevations illustrating successive steps in the discharge of the chassis platform or buck from beneath the completed car.

Fig. 14 is a plan view of the platform or buck upon which the chassis is assembled.

Fig. 15 is a side elevation thereof.

Fig. 16 is an end elevation thereof partly in section.

Fig. 17 is a fragmentary side elevation at one point on the assembly line but illustrating a modification of the conveyor apparatus of the invention.

2 Fig. 18 is a fragmentary end elevation of the apparatus shown in Fig. 17. Fig. 19 is a diagrammatic view illustrating byI diagram the manner in which small or miscellaneous parts for the various assembly operations are handled from the point of manufacture and shipment to the various operap tilons on thev assembly line of the assembly ant.

p Before explainin in detail the present invention and the met od or mode of operation embodied therein, it is to be understood that l the invention is not limited in its applica- O tion to the details of construction and ar- 15 rangement of parts illustrated in the accom panying drawings, since the invention is .capab e ofv other embodiments and of being ractised or carried out in various wa s. lso it is to be understood that the phraseo o- 20 gy 0r terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation,

and it is not intended to limit the inventionl p beyond the terms of the several claims hereto appended or the requirements of the prior lift.

The invention has been illustrated by way of example as applied to the assembling of automobiles, although itis, of course, adapted to be applied in the assembly of other types so' of machines, cars, machineryunits, etc., and

for the purpose of simplifying the description herein, `the term car or machine where used is understood to mean any such assembled unit.

as In applying the invention to theV assembling of automobiles the description herein ma be considered more readily under the fo owin sub-divisions, the resent application of tge invention being s own where the parts are manufactured or made at one point or place and shipped or transported to auf other place for assembly, although this is not essential and the invention is not limited to this feature: j p

n1. The conveyor and assemblyapparatus, comprising a description of the mechanical units formin the apparatus.

2. Assemb y plant construction, comprising a description of the assembly lines.

3. Sequence method of boxing or packing assembly parts at point of manufacture and distribution of the parts at they assembly ant.

P 4. Aemblin of thegcar, including the chassis unit an the body unit in the case of automobiles.

u The conveyor and assembly apparatus The conveyor4 apparatus of the present invention preferably comprises three main mechanical units, namely: 1, a conveyor way or trackway such as spaced arallel sections of gravity or anti-friction ro 1ers; 2, a series of portable platforms ada ted to cooperate wit the conveyor way so t at the platforms ,to travel thereon, such as shown in Fi may move in succession thereon in a predetermined path; and 3, one or more lift trucks adapted to deposit the platforms at the entrance end of the conveyor and ada ted to remove the latforms at the exit en ofthe 70 conveyor. he portable platforms for use as a cooperative part of t e conveyor apparatus may be constructed in various ways deending upon the particular purposes or unctions to be accomplished. In the pres- 75 ent application I have illustrated a portable platform or assembly buck embodying certain im roved features of construction spe-` ciall .a apted to facilitate the assembl of the c assis of an automobile thereon. I ave 30 also shown the (portable platform or buck specially adapte for the purpose of assem-V blin an automobile body thereon. In addition have shown a portable latforin adapted for use in combination witii the other units S5 of the conveyor apparatus in connection with the handling and packing of the. parts or material at the place of manufacture, and for carrying the material or parts and depositing the same at the required points along the 90 assembfliy line.

In a dition to the foregoing units of the apparatus I referably provide a portable crane or stac lifter U of special construc-v tion adapted to handle hea units, such as 05 cylinder blocks in the case o automobile assembly, or automobile bodies, etc. These units of the apparatus may be placed at pre-` determined points along the assembly or subassembly lines to transfer material from |00 point to point, thereby eliminating considerable manual labor and time, obviating the knecessity of fixed overhead crane installations and providing a readily portable unit which can be moved from point to point on 105 the hft platform of a power driven lift truck.

e conveyor apparatus referabl embodies the use of the gravity rdll sections7 with portable platforms aving runners or skids 3, im 4, 6, and 8. The conveyor way or trac way may, however, be constructed the reverse of this preferred form as shown in Figs. 17 and 1 8. In this modified form the conveyor way or trackway may comprise channel ways, and l" the platforms may be provided with casters travelling therein, as will be more fully described later.

Gravity/.or anti-friction roller sectiomf` As s hown in Figs. 6 to 8 inclusive, 9 to 13 in- '2" elusive and 16, the conveyor ways or tracks over which the portable platforms or buch are caused to travel in succession to permit the chassis orthe body of the car to be assembled, comprise in the preferred form spaced paral- "f5 lel sections of gravity or anti-friction rolls R. The sections of eachtrack or guideway may be of any suitable length and are positioned end to end and held in proper alignment. Each section may comprise a pair of angle, "l"

bars 9 and 10 having horizontal flanges exprovide guides for the legs of the portable platforms and to maintain them in position on the conveyor sections.

In the construction shown in Figs. 3 to 5 inclusive the anti-friction roller sections R may be constructed in the following manner;

the angle bars 12 and 13 are suitably spaced apart and the yvertical flanges thereof support the rollers 14. The lower horizontal flanges of the angle bars are turned `outwardly and may be secured to the floor. In this instance the gravity roll sections are not provided with guides for the platform, since this is not essential.

Portable platforms P.-The platforms P shown in Figs. 3 to 5 inclusive, 9 and 18 comrise a load supporting floor 15 which may be ormed of a seriesof cross boards. Beneath the floor at eachlongitudinal side is located a T-shaped truss member which may be constructed in the form of a pair of angle bars 16 positioned back to back as in Figs. 3 to 5, or an integral T-shaped bar as shown at y17' in Fig. 9. Suitable legs 18 are mounted at the outer sides of the vertical flanges of the truss members, and each pair of legs at each side of the platform is connected by means of a guide runner or skid 19. This runner may be in the form of a channel bar embracing the lower ends of the legs and adapted to travel freely over the anti-friction rollers. The vertical flange 16b (Fig. 5) or 171 (Fig. 9) of the truss members 16 or 17 provide spaced guides for the lift platform L of the lift truck T when introduced between the legs 18 of the platform. The inwardly eX- tending horizontal flange 16 (Figs. 3 and 5)' or 17 (Fig. 9) yassist in supporting the floor and overlie the truck platform so as to receive and distribute the full length of the platform floor the upward thrust of the lift truck platform.

Chassis assembly platform UP.-The portable platform CP upon which the chassis of the Vcar is assembled preferably comprises a Y therein during the assembly of the machine.

This frame may comprise a pair of spaced longitudinal angle bars 20 (Figs. 8 and 9) which are connected together at opposite ends of the platform or buck by means of structural I-beams or members 21 mounted thereon, theframe members 2O and 21 being riveted together to form arigid supporting frame. It will be particularly noted that the trans verse .frame members 21 (see especially Fig. 9) are mounted on top of the inwardly extending horizontal flanges 20* of the angle bars 20, andthe members 21 have a bottom 'horizontal flange 21'l (see Fig. 8) riveted to i 75 the an les 20, a vertical central web 21", and a top orizontal flange 21. The flange 21 provides a flat supporting surface for verti- .cal brackets 22 constructed to support the chassis sills 23. Four of the brackets or su ports 22 are-provided, two at each end .of t e platform`mounted'on the transverse frame members 21. Each bracket comprises a bottom horizontalflange 22 bolted to the flange 21, an4 .upwardly extending web 22", and.

terminates at its upper end in a notched portion 226. The notched portion rovides a rest for the bottom of the chassis s111 23 and also a projecting abutment 22*l adapted to engage the side of the sill 23 and prevent lateralV movement or displacement thereof. From this construction it will be seenl that each chassis sill 23 is releasably supported on a pair of brackets 22 each constructed to main- I legs 2/1 at each side of the platform. ach leg is secured to the vertical flange 20b of the .angle truss 20 through the'medium .of a

pressed steel gusset plate 25. Each gusset plate comprises a vertical flange b positioned back to back with the flange 20 and an outwardly extendinglan'ge 25 at its upper end which assists in supporting one of the transverse members 21 and is riveted thereto. Each leg 24 comprises a vertical channel bar 24:*I having a central web thereof riveted to the flange 25 of the gusset plate and also to the vertical guide flange 20" of the angle 20. Each leg also may comprise brace bars 24b secured at the lower end thereof to the lower end of the channel leg and bent upwardly and outwardly and provided with horizontal attaching portions 24 riveted to the under side o f the flange 25"-of the gusset plate. The lower ends of each pair of legs 24 at each side of the platform are joined by means of a lengthwise extending channel-shaped runner 26 preferably of the same construction as the channel runner 19 above described, and adapted to travel freely on the gravity roll sections R.

Referring to Figs'. 10 to 13 inclusive, the chassis assembling platform CP in this instance comprises spaced lengthwise extendin T-bars 27 instead o'f the angle bars 20 and gusset lates 25 shown in Figs. 8f and 9. In this em odiment of the invention the T-bars orting mor . lis

27 form longitudinal frame members upon which are supported and secured the transl kof this form of chassis assembly platform votherwise is the same as the construction shown in Figs. 8 and `9.

It will be noted that the chassis assembly platform CP as in the case of the platform P above described is constructed for use with a lifttruck T. The liftfplatform L of the i truck T may be introduced between the legs 24, and will be guided into proper position bvmeans of the vertical guide flanges 20b i s. 8 and 9) or 27* 10 to 13 inclusive When the truck platform L is lifted or elevated to pick up the platform or buck CP and its load to transport them the upward thrust of the truck platform L will be taken the inwardly extending flanges 2()n (Fig. or 27b (Figs. 1() to 13 inclusive) which act as trusses to distribute the load the full length of the platform or buck CP.

Body assembby platform BP.-Referring to Figs. 14 to 16 inclusive, the body of the car may be assembled on a portable platform or buck BP. Thsplatform also comprises a floor or top portion of skeleton construction which is supported at opposite longitudinal sides upon lengthwise extending T-bars 28. Each T-bar, as in the case of the chassis platform CP above described, and the portable latform P, comprises a downwardly extending vertical flange 28a forming a guide for the lift platform of a truck when introduced beneath the platform and also forming means for attaching the legs thereto. Each T-bar also comprises Aintegral outwardly and inwardly extending horizontal flanges 28b and 28, respectively, providing a supporting surface for the transverse frame members of the platform. The inwardly extending flanges 28 also provide means for receiving and distributing the upward thrustsof the truck platform when introduced between the guide flanges 28 and elevated to lift and 'carry the platform with its load. The top or floor of the platform BP comprises a plurality of parallel transverse channel members 29 which are secured to the flanges 28b and 28 of each T-bar through the medium of suitable gusset plates 30. The gusset plates 30 at the four corners of the platform may be connectedy together by means of diagonally extending tie bars 31 and 32 which are Aalso riveted at their point of intersection to the central channel member 29 as shown in Fig. 14. l

The platform or buck BP is supported at each side by means of a pair of legs 33. Each kleg may comprise a vertical channel bar 33 riveted to the outer side of the flange 28, and

kalso a V or U-shaped brace member compris each si e with a series of upstanding brackets upon which the body'sills 34 are mounted and held in positionk during theasscmbly operal tions. The body sills are shown iny dotted lines in Figs. 14 to 16 inclusive. At each corner of the buck is mounted a bracket 35 shaped to receive the body sill. The central portion 35 of the bracket is provided with a iits projecting centering pin 35b which extends through a hole in the sill 34 and maintains it in proper position. At each side of this centering pin each bracket- 35 is provided with an adjusting screw 36 upon which a portion of the sill is supported. The adjust ing screws 36 may be adjusted so as to level the sill and are provided with lock nuts to fix the adjustment. Intermediate the corner brackets 35 of the platform are located additional upstanding brackets 37 also constructed to support a portion of the body sill 34 and each of these brackets is provided with adjusting screws 38 for maintaining the body sill in level position. Tovpermit the body platform BP to travel over the sections of gravity rolls R, the lower ends of the legs 33 are connected at each side of the platform by means of detachable channel-shaped runners 39, this construction being substantially the same as above described in connection with the portable platform P and the chassis assembly platform CP.

From the foregoing it will be noted that each of the portable platforms or bucks P, CP and BP upon which the material or parts are boxed, (Figs. 3 to 5 inclusive) or upon which the chassis of the car and the body of the car are assembled, is constructed to permit the lift latform L of a lift truck T to be introduced etween the legs and beneath the supporting floor or frame of the platform or buck. Each of these portable platforms mavtherefore be picked up on the lift platform L of the electrictruck and transported from point to point. Where the portable platform P is used for assembling parts in boxes for shipment, as shown in Figs. 3 to 5 inclusive, or for supporting the parts along the assembly line, as shownin Figs. 6, 9 and 18, the platform may be provided with a solid floor made up of a number of cross boards 15. Where the portable platform P, as shown in Figs. 3 to 5 inclusive and 9, is to be used in connection with the sections of gravity rolls,

the platform is preferablyprovided with spaced runners 19 adapted to travel on the gravity rolls.k Wherever the platforms are sections 40 and 40" permitting the height of '47. -Adetailed description of the stack lifter- U is not deemed necessa-ryherein, since thethe stack lifter to be varied. Extending longitudinally beneath the top of the stack lifter and between the spaced pairs of legs is located a traversing boom 41, preferably in the form of a palr of parallel spaced connected I-beams 41l and 41", see Fig. 8. This boom is ada ted to travel longitudinally on trolleys 42 i 8 which support the boom at opposite enfs o the frame, each comprising trolley wheels cooperating with' the inner flanges of the I-beams 41* and 41". Each trolley 42 is suspended from and swiveled Ato a trolley 43 at each end of the frame. Each trolley 43 has two pairs of trolley wheels 43l (Fig. 8) and 43" ig. 3) which embrace opposite sides of one of the transverse I-beams of the frame and travel on the flanges thereof. This construction permitsthe boom 41 to Vbe shifted lengthwise, sidewise and also to swing' laterally within the arched frame.v

Mounted on the boom is a hoisting unit 44, including an electric motor and hoist hook,

carrled by trolleys permitting the hoisting unit to be shifted longitudinally of the boom.

Operating mechanism is provided for shifting or propellin the unit 44 alon the boom, this mechanismieing controlled y a chain fall 45. The hoisting unit 44 has a-depending hoist block and hook by means of which a.

,load may be connected thereto, hoisted, trans ferred to any point along the boom and de` posited. The hoisting unitis operated bly1 means of an electric motor 46 supplied wit power from a battery mounted vin a housing same is fully described in my coending applications Serial No. 129,139, file Au st 14, 1926, and Serial No. 165,379, tiled Fe ruary 2,1927.

Chassis assembly platform. 12R-#Referrin to Figs. 17 and 18 I have illustrated a mo iied form of portable platform or buck upon which the chassis of the automobile may be assembled. As in the case of the chassis platform CP above described, the platform or buck RP comprises a load supporting floor of skeleton frame construction. This frame lcomprises a pair of spaced longitudinal truss members, angular in cross section, such as angle bars 50 which are connected at opposite ends by means of structural I-beams or members 51 mounted thereon. Mounted on the upper horizontal flanges of theibars 51 are f upstanding brackets 52 upon which the 'sills i 23 of the chassis are supported. YThe above parts 50 to 52-indlusive are identical with the corresponding arts 20 to 22 inclusive'of the above describe platform or buck Riveted to the outer side'of the vertical .flange 50" of' each member 50 adjacent each' end thereofis a pressed steel gusset plate 53 having an up er out-turned horizontal fiange 53* whic assists in supporting the frame bar 51 and having a bottom out-turned horizontal lian e 53". The' flanges 53, 53", i

andthe vertica web of the gusset plate are integrally joined by means of strengthening webs 53.

Secured to the of each gusset plate is a caster wheel structure, a pair 54 at the rear end of the latform and a pair 55 at the forward end t erebottom of the flange 53" y 'sal of, which include casters 54'* and 55 respecf.A

tively. caster wheels 55 are swiveled so as `to turn fixed yagainst turnin travel. l

It will be particularly noted, see Fig. 18,

In the present instance the-fronti that the caster wheel st-ructures 54 and 55 are each mounted outside the vertical plane of the guidefa'nges 50", and each caster wheel 54 and 55* is offset outwardl from the leg or gusset members 53. The w eels 55, therefore, are free to turn into any position' without projecting inwardly be ond the plane of the truc guides 50" it will at no time strike the caster wheels and damage the same.

The conveyor apparatus of Figs. 17 and 18 is simply the reverse of the preferred form above described where the conveyor ways or tracks comprise spaced roller sections and theflegs ofthe platform CP or BP travel thereon. I n this instance the conveyor ways or tracks comprise spaced channel ways guide flanges 50", so t at when the lift platform L is propelled between the R1 and the rollers or casters 54* and 55'* of the buck RP travel therein in a pre-defined path along the assembly line. These channel ways permit the introduction of the lift truck platform L therebetween at the en@ trance andexit ends of the conveyor to permit the truck either to deposit the .buck RP4 in the channel ways at the entrance, or lift and carry it from the exit end of `the conve or. v lortable stack lz'V ter U1.'As shown in Fig. 10 I have provi ed a ortable stack lifter or crane U1 es cially adiipted for the u rpose of handling automobile bodies. stack lifter in `many respects is similar to the stack lifter or crane U above described, comprising in general an arched frame of the uneI las

his

desired dimensions to permit the car body to "v5 conveyed between the leg supports 7 5 thereof. Each leg support comprises relatively slidable telescopic sections 7 5 and 75b permitting the hei ht of the crane to be varied as desired. Xtending longitudinally between the spaced pairs of legs 75 are a pair of parallel traversing booms 76 and 77 (Fi s. 1 and 2) each preferably in the form o a pair of parallel spaced connectedI-beams 7 6, 76b an'd 77, 77 respectively (Fig. 10). Each boom 76 and 77 is adapted to travel longitudinally on a pair of trolle s 78 which support the boom at o posite rontand rear ends of the arched rame. Each trolley 78, four being provided, comprises pairs of trolley'wheels 7 8a cooperating with the opposed inner anges of the I-beams 77 and 77 b. Each trolley78 is suspended from and swiveled to a trolley 79 at each front and rear end of the frame. The several trolleys 79 each comprises two pairs of trolley wheels 79" which embrace opposite sides of one of the transverse I-beams 7 5" of the frame and travel transversely on the flanges thereof. This construction permits the booms 7 6 and 77 to be traversed longitudinally, laterally and also to swing laterally within the arched frame.

The booms 76 and 77 are connected together by means of a hoist frame 80, substantially rectangular in construction. The frame at opposite sides carries upstandng brackets 81 and 82 carrying short shafts upon which are mounted trolley wheels 88 embracing opposite sides of each boom 76 and 77 and traveling thereon. The hoist frame 8O may be shifted independently along the booms 76 and 77 by means of suitable mechanism such as shown and described in my above mentioned application Serial No. 165,379, filed February 2, 1927, operated by means of a chain fall 84.

In handling automobile bodies a spreader frame 85 may be provided. which is'raised and lowered relatively to the frame 80 by means of cables 86 traveling over idlers mounted at 87 and operated by means of electrically controlled hoist mechanism generally designated at 88. Suspended from the frame 85 are rods 89 having hooks 90, three being referably providedV in the case of automohile'bodies, two to be hooked into the rear of the body and one at the front.

In Figs. 1 and 2 I have illustrated tivo types of lifters U1, one having a short frame and the other a long frame, depending upon the preferred method employed in effecting the transfer of the body from the final trim line to the chassis line. In Fig. 1 the body is liftedloff the buck BP at the end of the trim line and conveyed overhead directly to the chassis and deposited thereon at Z. In Fig. 2 the buck BP and the body are picked up at the exit end 62 of the trim line by means of a lift truck T and conveyed to the dotted line position shown at 91 where the body is lifted from the buck by means of the stack lifter U1, conveyed and deposited on the chassis at point Z. It will be noted, see Figs. 1 and 10, that the large type lifter U1 is adapted to span the aisle space between the trim line and chassis line, and is adjusted to such a height as not to impede the travel of the lift trucks T transversely beneath the arched frame.

Assembly plant, construction In Fig. 1 I have illustrated an assembly plant laid out for the purpose of assembling automobiles, this form and use of the invention being shown for the purpose of illustration. The plant need require but a ground floor with a suitable building H to house the equipment. Laid on the floor of the plant and preferably extending around three sides of the building are sections of gravity or antifriction rollers R forming a continuous conveyor or trackway` from the entrance point X to the exit point Y of ythe assembly line. This conveyor way forms, in the present instance, the main or chassis assembly line, designated as such in Fig. 1 for convenience. In the present embodiment the chassis assembly line is located closely adjacent the inner wallsH, H2 and H of the building, where assembly parts are to be positioned for the workmen at one side only of the assembly line. Where necessary for particular manufacturing requirenients, a sufficient space may be provided between the chassis assembly line and the walls of the building to permit parts or material to bc deposited at both sides of the line instead of at ,one side as shown by way of example in Fig. 1.

' The chassis of the car may be assembled complete on the conveyor platform or buck CP, the several platforms being deposited empty at the entrance point X in succession by means of the lift truck T substantially in the same manner as shown in Fig. 4. IVhen each platform CP reaches the point Z the chassis thereon has, during the course of its travel, been completely assembled and at this point the body 1s assembled on the chassis. lVhen the car is completed the Wheels thereof travel onto raised guideways N (Figs. 7

11 and 12). At this point the platform CP is removed from supporting engagement with the chassis frame and is discharged and transferred to a point Where it may be readily picked up by a lift truck and returned to the assembly line again.

As shown in Figs. 1, 7, 12 and 13, the conveyor sections R may be depressed at Q and projected laterally at an incline so that the latform will drop of its own accord from neath the car as shown in full lines in Fig. 7, travel by gravity down the incline and out from beneath the runway N as shown in Fig.

1. The conveyor sections in the present instance extend at V (Figs. 1 and 13) through a short tunnel beneath a suitable section of removable flooring and terminating in stops S (Fig. 7) at an `openingVV having an inclined approach to permit a truck T to be propelled into position whereby its lift platform L may be introduced beneath the platform (see Figs. 1, 7 and 13), pick it up and return it to the entrance X of the assembly line.

The body assembly line and trim line, Where automobiles are to be assembled as in the present illustration of the invention, are preferably located intermediate the chassis asseni bly line, as shown in Fig. 1. These may comprise two parallel sub-assembly lines each made up of sections of gravity or anti-friction rollers forming conveyor Ways or tracks R, as in the case of the main or chassis assembly line. At one end of the body assembly and trim lines is a transverse connecting conveyor section 61 whereby the empty platform or buck BP may be transferred from the end of the trim line at 62, after a completed body has been transferred therefrom to the chassis at Z, to the entrance end 63 of the body frame assembly line.

It will be understood that from the point 63 as the buck BP travels in the direction of the arrows down the sub-assembly line the frame of the body is assembled on the buck, and this operation is completed when the buck BP reaches theend of the line at 64. From this point the buck or platform BP with the body may be picked up by a lift truck and carried to a point (not shown) where the body is painted, lacquered or enameled, after which the body is returned on the buck by means of the truck and deposited at the entrance end 65 of the trim line. The buck BP, carrying the body, travels in the direction of the arrows along this subassembly line until it reaches the exit point 62 where the body is lifted from the buck, conveyed and deposited on 'the chassis at point Z on the chassis or main assembly line.

The chassis and body assembly lines, which may be termed the outer main and intermediate sub-assembly lines, are so located on the plant fioor as to provide suitable aisle spaces therebetween at each longitudinal side of the intermediate assembly and at each end thereof. This is important to facilitate manipulation of the lift trucks T. Moreover, a predetermined longitudinal area is provided along the side of the chassis assembly li'ne, which area is defined by the imaginary lines 66 (Fig. 1), for the positioning or distribution of platforms P along the assembly line. These platforms (see also Figs. 6, 17 and 18) support the material or parts to be assembled in the car. In like manner, at the opposite sides of the body and trim lines corresponding longitudinal areas are provided, which are defined respectively by imaginary lines 67 and 68 in Fig. 1. Within these areas are positioned or distributed along the body and trim assembly lines the platforms P which carry the material or parts to be assembled at the respective assembly lines.

The material or parts in boxeson the platforms P are carried from the freight car or storage plant through the doorway D on the lift truc platforms L, as shown at 69, 70, 71, 72 and 73 (Fig. 1). -These platforms P are all deposited along the outer .and intermediate assembly lines, within the areas 66, 67 and 68, in parallel relation but at an angle or slant to the assembly lines. The platforms P furthermore are placed so that the outer ends thereof face in the direction in which the material is brought to the assembly lines. This method has three important advantages:

(l) reduces the width of the aisles and the i floor area required, l

(2) facilitates more rapid operation of the trucks'by requiring a minimum of turning' and enabling the trucks to be propelled directly beneath the platforms to remove them when empty and (3) provides working may be assembled in boxes at the point of manufacture, and shipped to the assembly plant. The boxed motors, which have been previously shipped, are carried into the assembly plant H on a lift truck T to the point 93 on a portable platform P. The subassembly 92 comprises in its preferred form spaced sections of anti-friction rollers R (Figs. 1, 2 and 9). A stack lifter U is positioned at the entrance end 92 of the assembly line 92. This lifter straddles the spaced trackways and extends longitudinally thereof. The motors may be lifted out of the box carried on the platform P at point 93 and deposited .on another platform P shown in Fig. 9 which has previously been deposited' The completed motor is picked up by thestack lifter mechanism from platform P,

-conveyed and deposited on the chassis, as

shown at the left in Fig. 9. The motor parts which are assembled in the motor unit along the sub-assembly line 92 are carried on portable platforms P disposed at the side of the assembly line at 96. After the motor units have been removed from the sub-assembly platform in the manner shown in Fig. 9 the empty platform is caused to travel to the exit end 97 of the conveyor ways 92 at which point it is picked up by a lift truck T.

Sequence method of bowing or packing assembly parts and distribution at assembly plant i sequence, the assembling and boxin of the -parts being preferably accomplis ed by means of an improved conve or4 apparatus, shown in my co ending 'app ication, Serial No. 120,303, file July 3, 1926. The second hase contemplates the distribution of the xes or crates of parts along the assembly lline of the assembly plant in accordance with the sequence of assembly operations. Each box or crate contains the parts which are to be assembled on the car at a predetermined point on the assembly line.

In Figs. v3 to 5 inclusive, I have illustrated the conveyor method and apparatus which I vrefer to employ for progressively assemling, boxing and transporting the parts at the point of shipment. It will be noted that this conveyor method and a paratus are also employed at the assembly p ant (Figs. 1 and 2) for progressively assembling the car or machine. Figs. 3 to 5 inclusive s ow the method and ap aratus as utilized for boxing motors for shipment, the same. method of course being preferably employed in boxing or crating the other parts, such as springs, chassis sills and other frame parte, axles, wheels, rims, body panels, doors, etc.

Referring to, Figs. 3 to 5 inclusive, the Y spaced roller conveyor ways R (above described) are laid in sections on the plant floor, and extend the required distance. Where heavy units, such as engines or motors, are being crated, the motors 98 may be conveyed to t e proper point along the ways R by means of a gravity roll conveyor R2 (Fig. 3). In handling such heavy units I or the purposes of illustration,

prefer to employ a stack lifter U, described above, which is placed erosswise of the ways R and straddles the same in such manner as to permit the portable platforms P to travel freely on the ways R beneath the arched frame of the lifter.

The portable platforms P are deposited at the entrance end 99 of the conveyor ways R by means of a lift truck T. This lift truck is power driven and has the usual lift platform L which may be propelled into position beneath the platform P, lift it, and carry it into position to deposit it on the conveyor or tracliways R. Such a truck is preferably constructed in accordance with my application Serial No. 118,584, filed June 25, 1926. It will be noted that the ways R are spaced apart so as to permit the load carrying wheels W beneath the lift platform L to be introduced therebetween enablin the forward end of the truck to be prope led far enough between the ends of the 4conveyor ways so that the platform P may be deposited directly thereon. It will be understood that when the electric lift truck T is introduced between the ways R the lift platform L is in its elevated position and hence carries the runners 19 of thev portableplatform above the gravity rolls. The lift platform is then lowered causing the runners 19 to rest on the gravity rollers 14. The truck is then backed out for a succeeding operation.

The bottom 101 of the box or crate is then built or placed on the portable platform P see Fig. 4. Thence the platform is move into position beneath the crane U. As shown in Fig. 3 the hoist unit 43 is pro elled on the boom of the crane to the dotted ine position, operated to pick up a motor 98, then propelled rearwardly to the full line position, and the motor deposited on the bottom 101 of the box. After the re uired number of motors have been deposite on the box bot tom, the platform is moved forwardly on the conveyor ways and the workmen proceed to build up the box 102 around the assembled motors. When the platform P with the completed box or crate reaches the exit point 100 of the ways R, an electric lift truck 1s propelled into position between the spaced ways and beneath the platform. The lift platform L is elevated to raise the portable platform and its load'from the ways; then the truck is backed out as shown in Fi 5 and the box 102 carried directly tothe freight car for transportation or to storage.

The box 102 thus contains assembly parts which are assembled on the car at the plant H (Figs-1 and 2) at a predetermined point on the assembly line. Assuming this point is the eighth operating or assembly position or step, the box at the point of origin where constructed may be stenciled or stamped on the outside with a number such as M8. When this box after shipment reaches the 

